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    • 专利摘要:
    A communication system capable of continuously exchanging digital information in a well logging installation between apparatus arranged on the earth's surface and apparatus arranged in an earth borehole, interconnected by a cable. Both the surface apparatus and the downhole apparatus include a controller and a modem for sending digital command messages downhole and digital data messages uphole. The downhole apparatus also includes one or more tools which are coupled in parallel to the downhole controller via a bi-directional bus. Each tool has a universal (identical) interface adapted to recognize a specific address unique to itself and a universal address common to all interfaces. A command message with a universal address may activate all of the tools in a "free-running" mode to transmit a predetermined quantity of data in a predetermined sequence. A command message having a specific address and an indication of the length of the data desired may activate a specific one of the tools in a "command-response" mode to transmit the prescribed quantity of data.
    公开号:SU1087082A3
    申请号:SU782577250
    申请日:1978-02-03
    公开日:1984-04-15
    发明作者:Ж.Белэг Антуан；Ф.Помер Ален；ДЮРАН Ив
    申请人:Шлюмбергер Оверсиз С.А. (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to geophysical instrumentation and is intended for use in a data transmission system for boreholes. A device is known for transmitting information from a well to a surface via a fl1 communication cable. A known data transmission system for boreholes, comprising a ground part with information receivers, a communication cable and a depth part with one or several depth devices, each of which is designed as an elongated body in which a power supply unit and a measuring element with a secondary transducer 21 are installed The disadvantage of the system is the difficulty of exchanging information between the depth devices and the surface part, which reduces its reliability. The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability of the system. The goal is achieved by the fact that in a data transmission system for boreholes containing a land part with information receivers, a communication cable and a depth part with one or several depth devices each of which is made in the form of an elongated body in which the power supply unit is installed and A motor element with a secondary converter; the ground part is equipped with a modem, a processor, buses, a signal generator of specific addresses, and a universal address signal generator; and the deep part is equipped with a modem ohm, processor, bus and interface circuits, and modems. each part is connected to the communication cable and the corresponding processor, and the bus of the depth gauge is connected to the processor and to the secondary converters via interface cards with specific and universal address recognition circuits connected in parallel to the buses, and the tires of the ground part are connected to the processor and connected in parallel to the receivers and with signal generators of specific and universal addresses. In this case, the casing of each depth instrument is made along the ends with electrical connectors with threaded connections for connection to the communication cable or to one of the depth gauges. FIG. 1 shows the system; in fig. 2 is a diagram of the control signal structure to be connected to the downhole equipment; in FIG. 3, various types of modulation used in the communication system; in fig. 4 and 5 - the command structure, respectively, with a specific and universal address; in fig. 6 - structure of the information signal transmitted by the downhole equipment to the ground one; in fig. 7 - structure of the word states; in fig. 8 - the depth equipment and, in particular, the communication channel and its connection with the depth controller and devices; in fig. 9, 10, 11 - the form of various signals used in the data transmission system; in fig. 12 is a diagram of a universal interface in combination with a device; in fig. 13 is a diagram of a depth controller; in fig. 14 and 15 - ground and deep modems, respectively; in fig. 16 and 17 is a flowchart of operation for a ground controller operating in command-response modes (FIG. 16) and continuous transmission (FIG. 17); in fig. 18 is a diagram of a telemetry sensor according to the invention, forming the head part of the depth apparatus. The system diagram contains a ground part 1, a communication cable 2 and a depth part 3. Ground part 1 contains modem 4, a processor (controller) 5, buses 6, information receivers 7 and generators B of signals of specific or universal addresses. Depth 3 contains a modem 9, a processor 10, bus 11, meters with secondary converters and interface circuits 12. The data transmission system is controlled by a ground processor (computer) and uses pulse code modulation. The processor (controller) 5 — the basis of the transmission system — prevails over the deep processor 10; it is a computer. The processor 5 is connected to external devices with a storage device on toroidal cores, a magnetic recording apparatus and a keyboard of a printing device. The ground processor (controller) 5 sends control signals to various devices, for example, to control the truth or falsity of the device. As stated, the communication system uses only digital signals. The control signals sent by the processor are formed of two words, one word containing n bits, where for the described form of execution n is equal to sixteen. One of these words contains either an address, called a specific, belonging to a specific device, or an address, called universal, recognized by all devices. The latter allows the sending of information to all instruments simultaneously. When receiving control signals, usually all devices respond by sending a data signal to UiOBepxHocTb after the impulses are generated by the depth modem 9 .. FIG. Figure 2 shows schematically the structure of a complete control signal sent by ground equipment via cable to the instruments. Based on the commands 13 and 14, generated by the controller 5, the ground modem 4 constitutes a complete control to this signal, adding to two words 13 and 14 the word detecting errors 15 and the synchronizing word 16. Consequently, the complete control signal sequentially and in the group contains a sync frame in 16 transmitted by a terrestrial mode and consisting of seven bits; two commands 13 and 14, generated by the target controller and containing sixteen bits each; A word 15 error message transmitted by a land modem and consisting of seven bits. In the described form of execution, only command 14 is used, and the second command is at the disposal of the system operator. When no control signal is sent over cable 2, the ground modem sends bits with a value of 0 via cable. The control signals generated by the ground controller are encoded according to the form shown in FIG. BEHIND. Bits with a value of 1 correspond to signals that have a specific amplitude level, and bits with a value of O correspond to a different amplitude level. This code is usually denoted by the abbreviation NRZL (pop return to zero level). The application of this code at the level of transmission over white has two drawbacks: on the one hand, the transmission of bits with frequency f makes it necessary to have a cable with transmission bandwidth. On the other hand, synchronization is difficult when the signal contains a sequence of bits with the same a value of 1 or 0. In order to eliminate these disadvantages, the ground modem 4 converts NRZL coded signals into coded signals (biphase mark), as shown in FIG. Sound This code is characterized by a change in the level at the beginning and end of each bit and a change in the level in the middle of each bit with a value of 1. Thanks to the use of this code, the synchronization of control signals is made easier. As for the cable bandwidth, which must be in the range from O to in order to pass without distortion the signals NRZL with a frequency f, it can be shown that it must f 3f be in the range from - - to y in order to pass signals with frequency. In the described example, each bit of the control signal has a duration of 50 ISS. Consequently, the bandwidth of the NRZL signals is 10 kHz, but due to a change in the level in the middle of each bit with a value of 1, the fundamental frequency is doubled, i.e. equal to 20 kHz. The transmission of control signals from the surface to the devices is, therefore, without a carrier frequency and in the amount of 20 kbps (bandwidth 10-30 kHz). It can be noted that to prevent the transmission of steep pulse edges (square signals) over the cable, the signals can be filtered at the output of the land modem 4 by rounding the waveform. The control signals transmitted over the cable are sent to the deep modem 9. The latter performs several functions. First of all, it should correct the frequency of the depth generator, the outcome of control signals, consisting of messages B "4-M, sent by ground-based equipment. - Due to the extremely harsh conditions inside the well (elevated temperature and pressure), the nominal frequency of the deep generator can actually disappear relative to the frequency of the ground-based generator; The latter contains for this purpose a control device which may be known in the practice under the name VCO (voltag control oscillator). The deep modem should also indicate whether the bits arriving at it have the value 1 or 0. The signals arriving at the deep modem are distorted both in amplitude and not in width. Therefore, the deep modem restores the shape of the signals, receiving rectangular signals, and graduates the signals in width, i.e. for the duration. The deep modem also detects the sync word cn. the equalizing signal and verifies the validity of the transmitted signal using the error detection word. Synchronized word 16 and error detection word 15 are not transmitted to the downhole controller 10, only commands are transmitted. Before transmitting, the depth modem demodulates the coded signals into equivalent coded NRZL signals (FIG. 3A). Commands are transmitted from the in-depth controller 10 to ground-based instruments over communication channel 2. As already indicated, the address contained in the commands can be either specific, related to one device, or universal. In the first case, it is a private indication given to the instrument. This is exactly what happens every time the measurement results of the instrument are transported to the surface: the instrument is instructed to issue data stored in memory (offset register) with which it is provided . FIG. 4 shows schematically the structure of the command 14 (FIG. 2) for the case of a specific address. Seven 9-15 are used for the coded address of the device. Therefore, it is possible to encode 27 different addresses, i.e. use 27 or 128 different devices. Of course, this number of devices is very large and shows a good way in the transmission system. The bit of the 8th bit is the truth control bit, which takes the value 1 when the device corresponding to the address receives an indication to send data. When the truth control bit is O, everything happens as if the instrument does not exist. This possibility is an advantage, especially for turning off a certain instrument from the circuit, without interfering with other instruments in transmitting its data. The bit of the 7th bit is the initialization bit. The bit of the 6th bit, called the bit of the last device, is used to indicate to this device that it should send a return signal to the depth controller after the transmission of its message. The bits from bit 0 to bit 3 are used to indicate to the instrument the number of words it must transmit. The number of words can vary from zero to fifteen, since four bits are used. The bits 4 and 5 of the bits are used either at the discretion of the Operator, or to increase the number of words that the instrument must send. If the bit of the 4th bit is used, then the maximum number of words that the device can send is thirty-one, and if the bit of this bit is also used, then the maximum number of words is sixty three. . When a control signal is sent over the cable containing the so-called universal address, the latter is recognized by all devices. A control signal with a universal address brings all devices to a sort of position-taking order that follows. This order is strewn with a specific control message that follows the message with a universal address. The last message is used to select the mode of operation of the communication system. Only command 14 is used, command 13 is not used and is not available to the operator as opposed to the command with a specific address. FIG. 5 shows the structure of the command with a universal address. Bits 9 through 15 are used to indicate the universal address, i.e. addresses recognized by all devices. In the embodiment shown in FIG. In the example, this universal address is one hundred and seventy six in the octal code. The bit of the 8th bit is the initialization bit. The bits of the 6th and 7th bits are true control bits: when both bits are 1, all instruments are simultaneously monitored for true, when
    In the 6th bit, the bit O is set to the 7th bit, the value is 1, all the instruments are simultaneously controlled and false. This is used in the event of a breakdown, when all the devices are simultaneously found to be in a false state for detecting a faulty device, and then one after the other into a true state for their separate testing. Bits from the 0th and 3rd bits are not used. Bits 4 and 5 of the series are used to determine the mode of operation of the communication system and select the method of information exchange between the surface and the face.
    The data transmission system of the invention actually allows several modes of operation and two modes of data transmission, called half-duplex and full-duplex communication. According to the command-response mode of operation, the ground controller sends a control message to a specific device and waits for a response from this device before sending the next control message. This method is selected when the bits of the 4th and 5th bits have a value of O and when the bit of the 8th bit has a value of 1. On the contrary, in the continuous transmission mode, data coming from the instruments is continuously sent to the surface. The continuous transmission mode is selected by giving the bits 4 and 5 of the bit the value 1, You can use the third mode pseudontinuous transmission. This mode is characterized by the fact that all devices of the same circuit send a message in 16.6 ms (start made from the supply voltage of 60 Hz), then stop sprinkling. This mode is chosen by giving the 4th bit a bit the value O and the bit 5 of the bit 1. When the 4th bit is 1 and the 5th bit is O, commands can be sent from the surface, but the instruments give no answer.
    Data can be transmitted in half duplex mode or in full duplex mode. The control wire of the instruments and the data transmission wire to the surface are separated. When transmitting in half duplex mode, the information passes over the wires non-simultaneously. Conversely, in duplex mode, information can be transmitted simultaneously in both directions, to the surface and to the bottom. The change of the transmission method from the half-duplex communication mode to the duplex communication mode and vice versa is carried out simply by changing the programming of the ground controller, and the physical part of the ground and deep equipment remains unchanged,
    Typically, command-response mode of operation is used with half-duplex transmission mode. However, it is possible to use the command-response operation mode with the duplex communication mode. In this case, the ground controller can send a second control message while the device responds to the first message. It can be shown that this mode of operation allows using the line from the instruments to the surface at full power when the amount of information transmitted to the surface is greater than the number of control signals sent to the instruments (which usually takes place)
    When a control signal with a specific address is transmitted by the depth controller to the instruments and one of these instruments recognized its address, this instrument strews back an AR command signal to the deep processor 10, If the controller does not receive an AR signal, it concludes or did not receive a control signal. In the case of a universal command, an AR signal is missing; it is assumed that this universal command was recognized by all instruments. Instead of using the AR signal, it is also possible to attach an error code detection circuit to each instrument.
    If it is assumed that the control signal has reached the instrument or all instruments, then the data signal is sprinkled onto the surface. For this, the deep controller requests the deep modem to generate a synchronization code. Then the deep controller sends the so-called status word and, finally; devices receive an order to send their data. This is schematically depicted in FIG. 6, which shows the structure of the message transmitted by the downhole apparatus to the ground one. The sync word contains sixteen bits instead of seven for the control message to the instruments. This is because the information in a single message transmitted to the surface may be greater than in the message transmitted in the face, and the more bits are used to recognize the synchronization code, the less the possibility of incorrect synchronization. The word of states is depicted in detail in Fig. 7. Then the data coming from the instruments follow. These data are presented in the form of words from 1 to n, where in the described example, n can be as much as sixty to one. Each word consists of sixteen bits. When work is performed in command-response mode, these messages come from a single instrument. On the contrary, in the continuous transmission mode, the message contains a sequence of information words originating from a sequential request for devices. Each device sprinkles a certain number of words and a group of words sent by the devices forms words from 1 to n. For example, device number 1 can send three words, device number 2 is one word, device number 3 is five words, etc. Finally, the word of the error detection code is entered. The error code contains sixteen bits, and fifteen bits are used for the actual code, and one bit to indicate good or bad instrument operation. If this bit is 1, this means that the instrument sent the Return signal correctly at the end of the transmission of its message, unless so, the bit has the value 0. In FIG. 7 shows schematically the word states 17 of FIG. 6. A syllable is generated by the depth controller each time the depth equipment sprinkles the response. The bit of the 0th bit is 1 if one or more control signals are received with errors. Bit 1 of the bit indicates that the level of the controlled threshold signal of a certain amplitude is above or below. The bit of the 2nd bit indicates that the address was not recognized by one or several devices, therefore, the AR signal was not transmitted. The bit of the 3rd bit is 1 if the message was correct. The bits 4 and 5 of the bits are used to reproduce the applied mode of operation, such as command-response mode or continuous transfer mode. The bit of the 6th bit is used to indicate whether a universal command is received. The length of the message sent by the underlying equipment is indicated by the bits of the 7th to 12th bit. The following bits of the 13th and 14th bits are not used. Bit bit 15 indicates a good or bad system: it indicates that at least one of the bits in the 0th, 1st, and 2nd bits reports an error. Thus, the operator immediately notifies of the poor or good functioning of the system, inquiring about the status of the bit 15 of the bit. FIG. 8 shows schematically the connection of devices with a communication channel (only two devices are shown, but in reality a much larger number of them can be connected). FIG. 8 that each device 12 is schematically depicted in three different parts: part 18, which is the device itself, such as a pressure sensor, a radioactivity sensor, or an acoustic sensor part 19, which has an electronic circuit connected to each device. sensors, and a universal interface connected to the communication channel (bus) 11. This interface, identical regardless of the type of device, allows you to connect any device with a communication channel, if the information provided by the device is represented in digital form. In this way, standardization of the instrument connections of the depth equipment is achieved. The signals emitted by the instruments themselves usually have an analog form, while the interface only processes signals in digital form. Therefore, an analog-to-digital converter is required in each specific part of the device or at the input of each interface. The device 18 itself is connected to a specific part 19. The universal interface 20 is connected directly to the device 18, which allows for the direct transfer of information when it is not necessary to pass it through a specific part 19. These connections serve to control or control the device itself: for example, used for opening the paw or the paw of the device when the latter is provided with paws. or for supplying electrical current. Information sent by the device in the form of a sensor passes from device 18 to specific part 19 via connection 21. This information usually refers to measurements of a physical quantity or quantities carried out by device 18. But it can also refer to the device itself, for example niyu. It can be, for example, an open or closed state of the instrument's paw. Information sent by device 18 is transported from specific part 19 to universal interface 20 via connection 22. In specific part 19, the signals undergo appropriate electronic processing, such as force, pulse shaping, etc. This is the usual processing in currently known shorting probes and not requires detailed description. In addition, information signals in analog form are digitized by a conventional analog-to-digital converter. . The depth controller 10 is connected to the communication channel 11 in the same way as the instruments. In terms of data transfer, the controller is considered as a device. Consequently, the controller contains a universal interface 20 and the controller 24 itself. The controller is connected to the instruments by a communication channel .11. The communication channel (bus) 11 consists of five electrical wires. The end of the channel is adapted to the characteristic impedance of the circuit with the help of resistors 25 connected to ground. The deep equipment should be small-sized and therefore only five 26-30 wires were used for the communication channel. The first wire 26 transports the D. Donnec control signals (D.D) and the downward D. Horloge clock pulses (D.H) at a frequency of 20 kHz. Then the signals, in front of which stands the letter D, are transmitted from the ground equipment to the deep well and back; the signals preceded by the letter and are transmitted from the underlying equipment to the ground equipment. It can be seen that the control signals and the clock pulses are transported over a single wire. The second wire 27 is allocated to AR signals sent by universal interfaces 2 when they recognize their addresses. The third wire 28 is used to transmit data to the surface. U. Donnees (U.D) - originating from the instruments. The amount of data transmitted from the subsurface to the ground equipment is usually greater than the control signals transmitted from the ground equipment to the deep, i.e. the information that needs to be transmitted to the surface is much more than the information that needs to be transmitted to the well. Therefore, the transmission frequency must be larger to send information from the well to the surface (40-80 kHz); it almost corresponds to the upper limit of signal transmission over the cable without distortion. Clock pulses with frequency. 80 or 40 kHz are generated by a generator embedded in the deep modem. The generator may be independent or associated with a 20 kHz pulse generator located on the surface. When the instrument selection cycle is completed, a reverse Retour pulse is sent to the fifth wire 30 of the communication channel to alert the depth controller. In the continuous transmission mode, the device that sends the signal Retour (return), placed last in the scheme of devices that transmit data. The last device in the circuit is the one that received the command in which the bit of the sixth bit took the value 1 (see Fig. 4). In the continuous transmission mode, the IN pulses are transmitted sequentially from one device to another. These clock pulses are in some way the selection signals. Each device contains in the interface a memory device in which data is stored. The UH pulses allow you to send the contents of the memory to the ground equipment, and the synchronizing pulse triggers the transmission of a bit of information. Storage capacities, in fact, shift registers, are small and allow only a small number of words to be stored per device. The full cycle of the choice made by the transmission of instrument data via cable corresponds to a Sequence of n words, each containing 16 bits (Fig. 6). When the last device information is transmitted, i.e. at the end of the selection cycle, this last device will send a Retour signal to the controller. This signal allows you to enter into the storage devices devices
    new data and feed pulses to the input of the first device, so the system is ready for the next selection cycle.
    In command-response mode, a specific device is sent specific. cue control signal. Then the contents of the memory of this device are transferred to the cable and transported to the controller. When the contents of the memory have been transferred completely, the instrument strews a JQ Retour signal to alert the depth controller; a memory device may downgrade new data. In order to transmit to the surface other information of the same instrument or another 5 instrument, the ground controller must again send a Specific control signal.
    FIG. 9 depicts the encoding and decoding of informational (ynpaB) signals and synchronizing signals sent from ground equipment to the deep. When considering FIG. 3, it has already been pointed out that the signals transmitted by the ground modem to the deep modem are coded. signals In {5-M 50. They contain information and synchronizing signals. The depth modem reconstructs the TV separately the shape of the information and synchronization signals shown in FIG. 9 respectively D. Horloge (DH) and D. Donnl.es (D, D). These types of signals are sent to the depths that are again transformed by the controller, into a single signal, denotes their D. Signal (DS), which is sent via wire 26 to the communication link connecting the instruments to the depth controller. The combination of two signals is performed in order to save one wire in the communication channel. The combination obeys the following rules if DD 1 and DH 1, then D + 1. If DH O, then D 0. If DD O and DH 1, then D 1. Therefore, the signal D can be three levels +1, O and - 1, as illustrated in FIG. 9. Interfaces, based on the DC signal, restore synchronizing and informational signals. The DS signal could be significantly distorted and entered into the interfaces may (have a form similar to that shown in Fig. 9 D. Signal FiPtre. Interfaces have two thresholds — 2 filtering of the DS signal. Thus, information and sync signals As shown in Fig. 9, D. Donnees Rest and Horloge Rest, it can be seen that the absence of synchronization signals coincides with the absence of information words.
    The control signal contains at most two words of sixteen bits each.  Therefore, the maximum signal length D.  Donnees Rest is thirty two bits, t. e.  thirty two impulses d.  Xorloge Rest.  When a message arrives at the interfaces, they receive thirty-two clock pulses and finally send a warning signal, as shown in FIG.  9.  This is in some way self-detecting the end of a message.  The word is declared true.  if it contains thirty two bits.  if this is not the case, it is not taken into account by the interface.  The synchronization of signals arriving at depth equipment is shown in FIG.  ten.  It has already been mentioned that control signals encoded as B {5-M for transport over cable between ground and depth equipment are decoded by a depth modem to restore the shape of the synchronization and information signals shown in FIG.  10 under the designation MD.  Horloge (MDH) and MD Donnees (MDD), wherein MD stands for. downstream modem.  When the depth modem recognized the control signal synchronization word (symbol 16 in FIG.  2), it generates a Message (message) corresponding to logical state 1 for thirty-two clock pulses (the length of two commands for sixteen bits each).  The beginning of the Message signal, indicated in FIG. 10 in numeral 31 corresponds to the end of the detection of the synchronization code, however, shifted forward by a quarter of the period of the synchronizing pulse.  The end of 32 according to Message is also delayed by a quarter of the period of the clock pulse.  The depth modem checks the validity of the received control signal by analyzing error code 14 (Fig. 2). If the modem detects an error, it causes an Erreur signal (error) 33.  The Message and Erreur signals are sent to the downlink controller, which passes the MDH signals only if the Message signal is in logical state 1 and the Erreur signal is in logical state 0.  This is how the DH 34 signal is received at the deepest controller.  In the same way, the signals DD 35 are generated in the deep controller if the signal Message is in logical state 1 and the signal Erreur is in logical state 0.  FIG.  Figure 11 shows the synchronization of various signals for transmission of data from deep-well equipment to ground-based equipment.  Timing pulses with a frequency of 40 or 80 kHz, serving for the selection of instruments, are outputted in depth mode. moJM and depicted in FIG.  11 - designation mi.  Horloge (min), where MU stands for modem to surface.  The dialogue between the deep modem and the deep controller is carried out using the Emission and Sprite Emettre signals (ready for the dressing), shown in FIG.  11 numbers 36 and 37.  The Prefa Emettre signal is sent to the deep controller by the deep modem when the latter is ready to transmit data to the surface.  The Emis-sion signal is sent by the deep controller to the deep modem when the deep controller has data available for transmission to the surface.  In the command-response mode of operation, the Emission signal is given the logical state O at the end of each message sent to the surface.  In the continuous transmission mode, the Emission signal is brought to the doggy state 1 by the Retour signal.  The deep modem is notified that the data needs to be transported to the surface with reception of the Emission 1 signal.  In this case, the deep modem generates a synchronization code (38 in FIG.  6), then sends a Pret i Emettre 37 signal to the deep collector. The UH 39 clock pulses are sent by the controller to the instruments for data sampling.  The signals UIl, issued by the deep controller, are nothing but the signals MUH, issued by the deep modem, when the signal is Emission 9.  logical state 1 and Pr & t Eraettre signal in logical state 1.  The devices chosen by the synchronizing impulses send their data to the communication channel.  This data is sent to the modem through the depth controller.  It is presented in FIG.  11 signal; MUD 40.  It can be seen that these instruments are selected by the falling edges of the synchronizing pulses 39.  When the message is transmitted, Retour 41 is issued.  The depth controller generates a return acknowledgment signal 42 when it receives the Retour signal 41.  The ground equipment is connected to the depth equipment using a conventional stranded cable (in the described example, the cable itself consists of seven electrical wires).  The power supply current for the downhole apparatus is supplied to the bottomhole by other wires of the cable that are different from the wires used to transport the data.  However, the electrical supply current can flow through the wires that carry the information.  In this case, a filter must be used at the input of the deep modem.  This cable is commonly used in most logging operations.  Referring to FIG.  3, it is noted that the control signals emitted by the terrestrial controller are encoded as NRZL.  The ground modem converts these signals into coded signals B В 5-M (FIG.  FOR and ZV).  Signals are transmitted via cable from a land modem to a deep modem.  The modulation used to transmit information signals from devices to the surface is phase modulation of a known type, called PSK.  It may be noted that modulation for control signals does not use a carrier frequency. as opposed to modulating the PSK for information signal devices.  In accordance with the KRZM code (pop return to zero mark), the signal level is not taken into account, since bits 1 are represented as level changes in one direction or another (increase or decrease levels) and bits O are represented as no level changes.  The encoded -PSK signals are in fact signals obtained using a carrier wave (80 kHz) modulated with two phase NRZM encoded signals for modulation. at 40 kHz or in four phases for modulation at 80 kHz.  PSK modulation allows for a given bandwidth of 1710 to transmit the maximum amount of information.  Information signals strewn with devices are encoded as NRZL.  These signals by the deep modem are converted to PSK code and then transmitted via cable to the ground modem. The latter converts the PSK code to NRZL code again.  FIG.  12 is a schematic representation of a universal interface, indicated in FIG.  8 figure 20.  This interface contains a threshold circuit with Schema Conversion + 2.  2 DS signal to DH signal and DD signal (see  FIG.  9).  Both of these signals arrive at the input of the address recognition circuit 42, which may be a conventional decoding circuit.  This circuit provides a signal to the input 43 of the address sampling circuit 44, when the interface address is recognized by the circuit 42, and a signal to the input 45 of the universal circuit 46, when the interface has recognized the universal address.  Circuit 42 also provides an AR signal.  The address sampling circuit 44 stores the DD signal arriving at its input 47 when a specific address is contained in the DS signal, and the universal circuit 46 stores the DD signal when there is a universal address in the DS signal.  Universal address and specific address of the interface, t. e.  the address of the device is selected by wiring the address recognition circuit 42.  The address sampling circuit 44 and the universal circuit 46 constituting the memory part of the interface may be, for example, buffer registers of a series-parallel action.   The contents of the counter 48 are reduced to the value corresponding to the length of the message that needs to be transmitted to the surface (bits 0 to 5 of the bit in FIG.  four).  For this, the logical states of the bits are from the 0th. up to the 5th digit, go to the inputs 49 of the counter 48.  These logical states are included in the counter, t. e.  the length of the message is taken into account when the response scheme 510 sprinkles a signal at the input 51 of the counter.  The counter accepts clock pulses and IN at input 52.  When its content reaches zero, it sends a signal to the input 53 of the response circuit 50 so that this circuit issues a Retour signal.  2 18 As shown in FIG.  8 and 12, interfaces can receive or send a Retour signal.  Indeed, the Retour signal is sent by the interface at the end of the message, t. e.  when the contents of counter 48 is zero.  This signal is received, on the one hand, by the controller, which notifies the deep so that the latter ends its message by sending an error word (54 in FIG.  6) and, on the other hand, other interfaces in such a way that they do not transmit data to the communication channel until the sending interface has completed its transmission.  This is done by allowing the data transfer response 50 from the UD (input) terminal to the OD (output) terminal to be resolved only if the Retour signal is received on the Retour terminal of the 50 circuit.  Nevertheless, in order for the telemetry system not to stop its operation when the interface, having sent its data, does not have a Retour signal (return), for example when the interface fails, the controller sends a Retour signal at the end of the length of time corresponding to the maximum message length need to transfer.  This length is determined by bits 7-12 (FIG.  7) the words of the states generated by the deep controller.  The Echo (Echo) 55 register is a shift register that allows command 14 to be returned to ground equipment (FIG.  2) of the sixteen bits, when a signal appears at the output Echo (echo) of the address sampling circuit 44, which corresponds to FIG.  4 logical state of all bits 0-3 or 0-5, indicating the length of the message.  Register Echo (echo) accepts clock pulses and IN at input 56.  The return to the surface is that this word of sixteen bits is fed in parallel to sixteen inputs 57 of register 55. when the signal Echo (echo) arriving from the circuits 44 arrives at its input 58.  The sixteen bit word contained in register 55 is reconstructed into a sequential action at output 59 of register 55 and fed to a response circuit 50, which sprinkles it onto the surface through its UD (output) terminal.  The Echo (echo) register is used to check the normal operation of communication systems by monitoring the coordination of a command sent by ground equipment with a command received by (echo) ground equipment.  Response circuit 50, which summarizes the data sent by the instruments, can be made in the form of a conventional multiplexing circuit in combination with a logic circuit to control the sending of data to the communication channel.  The output signal DWDT of address sampling circuit 44 allows the input of data containing address sampling circuit 44 into the shift register of a series-parallel action (not shown) for temporary storage in the memory of the second command 13 (FIG.  2) located at available to the operator.  The output DWCK of address sampling circuit 44 causes DWCK clock pulses to be used to control the entry of command 1 into the shift register memory.  The shape and timing of the DWCK pulses are depicted in FIG.  .  When the operator does not use room 13, the shift register is not needed; otherwise, it is necessary.  The initialization signal 1п1 is outputted by the universal circuit 46 to the specific part 19 of the device, on the one hand, when the communication system is running, and, on the other hand, when the 8th bit of command 14 has the value 1.  The initialization signal can also be used, for example, to set to zero the specified additional register used by the operator to add the second command 13 to the memory.   Val truth signal appears at the output of Val when the interface is given permission to send data.  The signal Val is supplied to the response circuit 50.  This signal is issued. By the truth circuit 60, VaE and VaS-2 signals that receive two inputs. The VaB signal is sent by address 44 sampling circuit when bit 8 in a specific command is in logical state 1 (FIG.  four).  The signal Va22 is issued by the universal circuit 46 when, in the universal command, bits 6 and 7 are simultaneously in logical states x.  The Parole signal is made by the response circuit 50, when the interface transmits its data. Information bits, specified by the specific part 19 of the device, are fed to the UD input (input) of the response circuit 50 and the response circuit without change, but controlled by its logic circuit, to the UD output ( output).  The mode of operation of the system, indicated by the bits of the 4th and 5th bits of the universal command (FIG.  5), the continuous operation mode or the command response mode is communicated by the universal circuit 46 to the response circuit 50 via connection 61.  When the interface receives a command with a specific address, m. e.  when the data is presented in the address sampling circuit 44, the response circuit receives a signal from the address sampling circuit 44 via connection 62.  At outputs B4 and B5 of address sampling circuit 44, bits 4 and 5 of the instruction bit of FIG. 4 appear.  Outputs B4 and B5 are respectively connected to inputs B4 and B5 if the bits of the 4th and 5th bits are used: to increase the length of the message transmitted by the downhole equipment (see  FIG.  four).  The bits from the 0th to 5th bits of the control signal, shown in FIG.  hours, they appear at the outputs 63 of the address sampling circuit 44 and are fed to the inputs 49 of the counter 48 in order to preset it to the position for the length of the message to be transmitted by the interface.  The contents of counter 48 appear at its outputs 64.  When these outputs are in the logic state O, a signal appears at the input 53 of the response circuit indicating the end of the message (signal) Retour.  At the output of interface 20 (FIG.  8 and 12) there are many signals on the connecting wires.  These signals are available to the operator, as they can sometimes be used for other purposes, and not as intended.  For example, the logical states of the B4 and B5 outputs of the address sampling scheme can be used for other purposes, and not only to increase the length of the message when there is no need to increase the length.  Logical states at terminals 63 and 64, respectively, indicating the length of the transmitted message and the contents of counter 48, can be used, for example, to select a memory cell of a specific part 19 depending on its capacity, when this specific part contains one or more memory cells.  The signal Va2 (bits of the 6th and 7th bits of the command with the universal address - FIG.  5 and bits of the 8th bit of a command with a specific address — FIG.  4), which serves to detect a faulty device and its possible disconnection, can be used, for example, to act on a switch that allows a redundant element or circuit to be included in the circuit in relation to the faulty device.  The preceding examples show the flexibility of application and the numerous possibilities of the depth instrumentation.  FIG.  13 is a schematic diagram of the implementation of the depth controller.  The deep modem receives control signals from the surface and sends them to the depth of the controller as MDD and MDH signals.  The MDD and MDH signals are received at the two inputs of the serial-parallel register 65.  The register also accepts a Message (message) signal (see  FIG.  10) and outputs, at output 66, synchronization and information signals, which are provided to an address recognition circuit 67, which may be a conventional coding circuit.  When the address contained in the information signal is universal, a true signal is sent to the input 68 of the universal memory 69, then the MDD signal is stored in this universal memory of data 69.  Also, when the address recognized by the circuit 67 is the controller's specific address, the input 70 of the storage device 71, called the controller's memory, is given a truth signal so that the MDD signal is stored in the address memory of the controller 71.  The signal stored in the universal memory 69 is used with to select the type of dialogue used by the communication system (bits 4 and 5 of the command, FIG.  5): for example, command-response mode, continuous transfer mode or pseudo-continuous transfer mode.  The contents of the memory 69 are fed to the input 72 of the circuit 73, which controls the dialogue between the deep modem and the deep controller.  For this, circuit 73 receives the signals of the MUH Message (message) and Pret and Emettre (ready to send).  The signal MUH is converted to a signal in, as already explained with reference to FIG.  eleven.  Scheme 73.  sends out Emission (send) and Confirmationde Retour signals (return acknowledgment) to the deep modem and UH clock pulses to the compact circuit 74, to the counter 75 and to the status register 76.  Sync pulses are obtained from the min pulses when the MUH clock pulses coincide with the Emission (send) and Fret and Emettre signals (ready to send).  These pulses lead to triggering the counter 75, the status register 77, and the compacting circuit 74.  The reason for the difference between the clock pulses in and out is that when the status register transmits the status word, the interfaces do not have to simultaneously transmit data from the instruments (it is known that only the JUH pulses are used for data transmission).  The timing circuit 73 also receives a truth signal at input 78, sent by a detection circuit 77 which monitors the normal operation of the system and indicates a possible malfunction, as well as Retour (Return), and AAE signals.  The state detection circuit 77 accepts Message (message), Retour (return), AR Niveau Signa2 (signal level), fransmission (transmission) and Command Universelle (universal command) signals.  It also receives the Emission signal.  The use of these signals has already become clear.  In particular, it is mentioned that a message sprinkled with deep equipment (Fig.  6), contains the word states (FIG.  7).  A state (true or not) of various signals received by the state detection circuit 77 is registered in the state register 76, which may be a sequence-parallel register loaded by the state detection circuit 77.  This register provides a status signal to a compression circuit 74, which also receives the signals UD sent by the instrument interfaces.  The memory of the controller 71 outputs to the counter 75 the maximum message length that must be transmitted to the surface.  Combination circuit 79 provides a signal with three levels (FIG.  9) generated by combining the MDD and MDH signals provided by the depth modem.  The DS is issued only if the Message signal in the logical state 1 at the input 80 of the merge circuit 79 and if the state detection circuit 77 outputs the true signal to the input 81 of the circuit. we merge 79.  The operation of the depth controller shown in FIG.  13, it is easier to understand if referring to FIG.  7, 9,. 10 and 11.  The state detection circuit 77 generates bits of bits O, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 15 of the word states (FIG.  7), which are fed to the input of the state register 76, which transmits them to the input 82 of the compaction circuit 74 synchronously with the clock pulses.  The timing circuit 73 applies UH pulses to the instrument interfaces, starting from the min pulses, if both the Emission and the Pret and Emettre signals are present (ready to be sent) (see  FIG. eleven).  When the depth equipment wants to send a message to the surface, the timing circuit 73 sends an Emission signal to the depth modem to signal that the controller has a message to issue.  In this case, the deep modem first sends a synchronization word 38 (see  FIG.  6) to the surface, then the signal Fret and Eraet tre (ready to send) to the timing circuit 73.  The controller then knows that the modem is ready to transmit data. It sends a command to the compression circuit 74 to first send the status word (17 in FIG.  6 and 7) in the depth mode, then the timing circuit 73 directs the pulses in to the various interfaces of the devices so as to select the data.  A signal UD appears at the input of the seal circuit 74, which transmits a MUD signal to the depth modem (FIG.  eleven).  When the counter 75, whose readings change in the rhythm of the pulses in from the value corresponding to the maximum length of the transmitted message (memory supplied by the controller 71) reaches the value zero, it sends a signal to the input 83 of the timing circuit 73.  Last signal or Retou signal. r (return), sprinkled by the interfaces in the state detection circuit 77 and arriving at the input 78 of the timing circuit, gives the command to stop the compaction circuit 74, which stops the transfer of data.  From this it follows that the Emission signal (the parcel) passes from logical state 1 to logical state O and that the deep modem translates the signal Fret and Emettre (ready for positive) from logical state 1 to logical state 0.  When the state detection circuit 77 does not detect the AR signal, while the message from the surface is recognized, it sends a signal to the input 78 of the timing circuit 72, which controls the seal circuit 74 so that the last one sends only the shortened message, t. e.  a message consisting only of a synchronization word, a status word and an error word, and informational words are not sent, they are transmitted only in command-response mode.  The depth controller may advantageously comprise a microprocessor combined with a storage device.  The microprocessor can be placed, for example, at the input of a depth controller, t. e.  between the deep modem and the controller.  The microprocessor can be used to perform various tasks.  Control signals from the surface can be placed in a memory combined with a microprocessor.  The latter sends commands to the controller depending on the availability of the controller.  This mode of operation is of exceptional interest, in particular, when the system operates in command-response mode and when the control signals are longer than the information signals.  The frequency of the device selection clock pulses (80 kHz) is higher than the frequency used for control signals (20 kHz), so time intervals are formed during which the depth equipment does not transmit data.  Thanks to the microprocessor, and the memory of the command to the deep controller combined with it, it can be addressed as soon as possible.  In continuous transmission mode, the moment of response of the instrument is determined by its position in the circuit of the instruments.  With the aid of a microprocessor, the order of response of devices can be independent of their relative position in the circuit and easily determined by logiciel.  In addition, the microprocessor can pre-process instrument data, reducing the amount of data transmitted to the surface.  Examples of the terrestrial and deep modems are shown respectively in FIG.  14 and 15.  Each modem can be decomposed into descent and uplink channels.  The descending contains modem circuits for transporting information from ground equipment to the deep and the descending one contains circuits for transporting information from the deep equipment to the ground.  The ground modem receives on the downlink (FIG.  14) control signals sent by the ground controller.  Control signal data, t. e.  Words 13 and 14 of the sixteen bits each, as shown in FIG.  2, in series, in parallel form, enter sixteen land modem inputs 83.  The first and second words are memorized respectively in registers 84 and 85 of the sixteen bits each.  The first word stored in register 85 can be freely used by the operator, and the second slot stored in register 84 contains an address that can be either specific or universal. This address may also be the address of the terrestrial modem itself, when the control signal is intended for it.  The address contained in the control signal is decoded using the decoding circuit of address 86.  The latter is connected to a control logic 87, which interprets the signal decoded by the address circuit 86. If the decoded address is a ground modem address, the control logic 87 draws a true signal to the input 88 of the program memory while the signal allows two information words contained in registers 84 and 85 and are provided to inputs 90 and 91 of memory device 89.  When the address decoded by the decoding circuit of address 86 is the address of the instrument or instruments, the data contained in the two registers 84 and 86 must be transmitted to the depth equipment.  The communication transmitted over the cable by a land modem is encoded as B "4-M Sfig.  ZV) and transmission is carried out / blinked at a frequency of 20 kHz using pulses emitted by the synchronization generator 92.  The structure of the signal being generated is shown in FIG. 2 The sequence circuit 93 and the circuit OR 94 allow the modem to first send a synchronization word (16 in FIG.  2), then two teams (13 and 14 in FIG.  2) and, finally, the word error control (15 in FIG.  2).  The control logic circuit 87 sends the start signal to the input 95 of the circuit in series 93.  The latter gives a command to the generator of synchronizing words 96, which, according to the OR 94 scheme, sends the synchronizing word to the input 97 of the coding circuit 98.  A coding scheme converts NRZL coded signals to coded signals.  The sync word is then sprinkled in code B (i-M via cable through amplifier 99.  Then the contents of the registers 84 and 85, m. e.  both instructions are input to a parallel-to-serial converter, converting both instructions into a thirty-two-bit serial signal.  This signal is applied to the input 97 of the coding circuit 98.  Both words in the code are transmitted over the cable using amplifier 99.  Finally, the error detection word is sent by the error code circuit 100.  The error code is transmitted over the cable in code using amplifier 99.  The control logic circuit 87 transmits the signal Transmission en Cours (transmission in action) when the ground modem transmits its data.  In this case, the ground controller receives a warning that it should sprinkle new data.  The Fin de Message signal (end of message) is fed to the control logic 87 by the ground controller.  The Suppression Porteuse signal can be sent by the ground controller to control logic 87 to suppress clock pulses 92, which means suppressing the signal sprinkled over the cable by the ground modem.  For this, a signal is fed to the input 101 of the sequence circuit 93.  The Interruption de transmisision signal can be sent by the controller to control logic 87 for interfering with the transmission of any signal over the cable.  The Etats (state) signal is supplied to the ground controller by the control logic 87, this signal indicates whether the transmission was correctly made, gives indications, for example, that the amplitude of the transmitted signal is higher or lower than the previously stopped threshold.  The signals at output 102 (FIG.  14) the downlink channel of the ground modem is connected via a communication cable to the downstream channel 103 input of the deep modem channel (Fig.  15).  Signals in code B, -M are primarily demodulated using demodulator 104, which converts them into NRZL coded signals.  The demodulator 104 restores, on the one hand, the control signals at its output 105, and, on the other hand, the synchronizing signals MDH at its output 106.  The control signals first arrive at the synchronization code detection circuit 107, which makes it possible to detect the start of a message.  The data is then temporarily stored in memory 08 with thirty-two bits.  This storage device 108, synchronized by the pulses of MDH, outputs the signal MDD.  The error code, the last word of the message, is analyzed using the error detector 109.  The latter indicates the detection circuit of states 110 for the presence or absence of an error.  In the same way, the synchronization detection circuit 107 signals to the state detection circuit 110 whether the synchronization code is correct.  The demodulator also indicates to the state detection circuit 110, not greater than or not less than a certain threshold, the amplitude of the received signal. The state detection circuit 110 distributes the Niveau SignaE (signal level) and transmission (transmission) signals to the depth controller.  The control logic 111 issues a Message (message) during the transfer of thirty two bits to the controller, if a synchronizing shoe is detected.  Generator 112 provides 80 kHz clock pulses to a deep controller.  These pulses can be synchronous to MDH pulses, issued by a ground modem, thanks to the means shown by the dotted line 113.  It should be noted that synchronization is optional.  The structure of the information message transmitted by the downhole apparatus contains a synchronization word, a status word, n information words, and finally, an error code word.  This message is modulated by the PSK method.  (FIG.  3) with a frequency of 40 or 80 kHz.  When the deep controller has data to transmit to the surface, it sends an Emission signal to the control logic 114 of the deep modem.  Circuit 114, controlled by 80 kHz clock pulses, generates a message that must be sent via cable to the surface.  The circuit primarily commands the sync word generator 115, which sprinkles the sync word on the input 116 of the circuit OR 117.  The sync word is then modulated into the PSK code by the modulator 118 and sent over the cable after amplification in amplifier 119.  After sending a sync word, it is necessary to send status and data words.  The control logic 114 sends the Pret signal to the Eraettre (ready to be sent) to the deep controller, which sends a feedback signal through the loop.  This signal is transmitted directly to the PSK 118 modulator, passed through the OR 117 circuit, then into the cable through the amplifier 119.  The MUD signal is also fed to the input 120 of the error code generator 121, which is connected by its input 122 to the control logic circuit 114.  The error code may be a parity check code, which depends on the value of the bits included in the HUD signal.  The error code generator produces an error code word, which, after modulating the PSK to 118 and amplifying 119, is strewn over the cable.  When the deep controller has finished transmitting its data, it changes the state of the Emission signal, and so on. e.  translates it from logical. state 1 to logical state 0.  After that, the modem is ready to transmit new information.  The Suppression Porteuse signal can be fed to the input 123 of the PSK 118 modulator so as to suppress the carrier frequency of the signal transmitted to the surface.  This signal is transmitted by the ground controller to the control logic 87 (FIG.  14) and is transmitted to the well as a private bit of the downlink message.  29 1 Confirmation de Retour (return acknowledgment) signal (42 in FIG.  11) used to indicate that the last device sends a Retour signal is essentially the first bit of the error code word. Its input to the message is controlled by the control logic 114 using circuit 124 and 117.  A switching signal with a frequency of 80–40 kHz can be applied to the input 125 of the modulator PSK 118.  This signal allows you to send a message with a frequency of 40 kilobits or 80 kilobits.  Information signals sent by the ground equipment to the ground equipment are fed to the ground modem at the input 126 of the PSK 127 demodulator.  The signals are demodulated at the output of the demodulator 127 and converted into coded NRZL signals and fed to the input of the synchronization detection circuit 128, which detects the sync word, the first message word (Fig.  6).  The information words following the sync word are converted into words from sixteen parallel bits by a serial to parallel converter 129, then stored in register 130.  The sixteen outputs of the register 130 are connected in parallel with the sixteen inputs 13 of the ground controller.  This is depicted in FIG.  14 as a signal Donnees (data).  The error code word is analyzed using the error detection circuit 132 associated with the input 133 of the state register 134, where it signals the presence or absence of an error in the message.  Input 135 register also accepts a demodulator signal PSK 127, denoting the amplitude of the received signal.  If the amplitude of the overcrm is small, it signals this to the state register 134, as well as to the input 136 of the sync detection circuit, from the program memory 89, a signal is received indicating the selected operating mode, for example, continuous transmission or command-response .  The detection circuit of the synchronization word 128 provides a signal to the input 137 of the state register 134 and to the input 138 of the control logic circuit 139 with indication of the timing or incorrect timing.  A control logic 139 2 issues at its output 140 a signal warning the ground controller that data is available.  This logic circuit 139 also provides Debut de Message (start of message) de Message (end of message) signals corresponding to the first and last words of the message.  The state register 134 outputs to the controller different Elats signals (states) indicating a good or poor quality of the message transmission, for example, the amplitude of the received signal, the state of the different synchronization levels, the transmission error, and so on. d.  The program memory 89 outputs to the input 141 of the synchronization word detection circuit 128 a signal indicating the length of messages arriving at the modem.  It is already mentioned that the program memory 89 supplies to the input 136 of the synchronization word detection circuit 128 a signal characterizing the selected transmission method.  It is essentially about controlling the opening of a valve circuit, which passes or does not pass the data coming from the cable.  In command-response mode, detection circuit 128 opens this gate circuit as soon as it detects a synchronization word, and it holds the gate circuit open in continuation of the message to be received (indicated by program memory 89 at input 141).  When the message is received, detection circuit 128 reopens this gate circuit when it has detected the next sync word.  On the contrary, in the mode. continuous transmission after receiving the first cycle (which is received in the same way as in command-response mode), the synchronization word detection circuit 128 checks for the presence of the synchronization word without error at equal intervals of time (message length) and keeps the valve circuit open for skipping data.  If the synchronization word is not recognized, the valve circuit is locked until the next recognition.  Land controller 54 (FIG.  1) sends to the ground modem 4 control signals that need to be transmitted to the instruments, and receives via feedback data sent
    instrumentation. Two methods are possible. In both cases, the controller 5 contains programmable means, such as a computer.
     In the first method, shown schematically in FIG. 1, the controller is connected by a communication channel 2 to data acquisition and processing devices, each of these devices corresponding to a specific device. Therefore, the structure of the device can be the structure characteristic of the device to which it is attached. It may, in particular, contain a micro-counting device for processing data received from its instrument. External devices, such as printing, magnetic or optical recordings, can be connected to various processing devices 7 using communication channel 6. The communication channel is connected to processing devices 7, external devices and controller 5. Thus, controller 5 is a small-sized computer or micromachine It is capable, on the one hand, of storing in memory a list of commands transmitted to the instruments, and transmitting them to the ground modem in a certain order and rhythm, and, on the other hand, receiving data from the instruments and the distribution s them to a processing unit 7 or directly with the peripheral devices.
    In the second implementation method (not shown), the controller 5 is a more powerful computing machine than in the first method, since it can itself carry out all data processing operations. Individual processing devices 7 are replaced by a single unit. This system contains a computational machine that accepts logging data through an interface and is connected to peripheral devices, such as memory, recording devices, etc.
    FIG. 16 and 17, as an example, is shown a flowchart of the functioning of the ground controller 5 operating in the command-response modes (Fig. 16) and continuous transmission (Fig. 17).
    The controller starts by initializing the system and inserting into its memory a list of control signals to be transmitted to the instruments (block 142). Then the first sheet command is output to the controller in anticipation of an external signal. The latter can be sent, for example, by a conventional logging device, sending a depth signal each time the umbrella has traveled a certain distance into the depth of the well. An external signal can also characterize a specific time interval. When a depth or time signal appears, the first command is sent to the downstream channel 83 inputs of the land modem. Then the communication system waits for the response of the depth instrumentation to the control signal, transmitting the information signal to the ground instrumentation. When the information signal arrives at the terrestrial modem, the latter, with its control logic 139 (Fig. 14), sends a Fin de Message signal (end of message) to signal the end of the signal to the controller. At that moment, the data is stored in the computer memory (block 143). The truth of the received signals (block 144) is checked by the controller. The state register 134 (FIG. 14) of the land modem is consulted for this. If the received message is true, the data is transported (block 145) to various processing devices 7 (Fig. 1). If the received message is false, the control signal is again sent to the deep equipment by repeating the command. A list of commands stored in block 142 is then examined to determine whether all commands have been submitted (block 14.6). IF the controller has reached the end of the sheet, in block 142 a new command sheet is entered and the first command of the new sheet appears at the controller output. Conversely, if the sheet has not yet been completed, the next command is called (block 14) to send to the downhole equipment.
    FIG. 17 shows schematically and as an example the operations performed by the ground controller when the communication system is operating in continuous transmission mode. The controller starts the initialization of the communication system and sends a universal control signal so that the system operates in a continuous transmission mode (block 148). Depth instrumentation sends data to the surface and issues a Fin de Message signal (end of message) at the end of each instrument data sampling cycle. The data is then entered into the memory of the calculator; (1) (block 149). This memory may contain a certain number of information words that form a data block. The block is analyzed by the controller to determine its completeness (block 150). If it is incomplete, new data is entered into the memory. If the block is complete, the received data will be analyzed and sent to various USED processing data corresponding to the instrument, and the memory addresses of the controller receiving the data are brought to their initial state (block 151), the truth of the first message containing the state in the memory of the computing machine is analyzed (block 152). . If the message is invalid, it is eliminated. This suppression is noted in order to disable the instrument or instruments if they continue to send error messages. If the received message is true, then the data is strewed (block 153) on the processing device 7, to which it relates. At the end of the block (Fig. 154), the data is processed and recorded (block 155) and this is the end of the program. If the end of the block does not fit, the following message is called up (block 156). The last, like the first, message is analyzed for truth (block 152) and the data is transferred to the processing device to which they relate (block 153). FIG. 18 illustrates a telemetry sensor in accordance with the invention. The telemetry sensor is fixed at the end of the cable 2, which connects the depth equipment with the ground equipment, and is the upper part of the depth equipment. The telemetry sensor has a robust housing 157 of a long form, preferably cylindrical. Two discs 158 and 159 close the ends of the housing 157. These discs forming the bushings intersect the electrical connections, forming connectors. The disk 158 is provided with plugs 160, and the disk 159 contains holes 161 for the sockets. The end of the cable l 2 is fixed to the cable box 162, which has a sleeve 163 with holes 164 forming the sockets connected to the plugs 160. some sockets, with the number of sockets being equal to or greater than the number of electrical wires of the cable. The end sleeve 162 has an internal thread, designed in such a way that the sleeve can be screwed onto the end of the case due to the thread made on the outer surface of this end of the case. In this way, the plug-in connections and the additional thread ensure the electrical and mechanical connection of the housing to the cable respectively. A modulator — a demodulator (modem) 9, a controller 10, and an interface 20 are installed inside the housing. These elements are identical in all respects to the indicated elements and are denoted by the same numbers. Modem 9 is connected to cable 2 by electric drives. The controller 10 is connected to the modem 9 by an electrical connection consisting of several wires. There is also a communication channel (bus) in the package consisting of five wires 26-30. The interface 20 and the controller 10 are connected in parallel to the communication channel. Thus, electrical signals can flow from one to another through this channel. The ends of the wires of the communication channel, not connected to the controller 10, are electrically connected to the openings belonging to the group of openings forming the socket of the electrical connection sleeve. Inside the case there is also a power supply circuit 165 connected to the power wires of cable 2. The electrical wires 166 and 167 are used to power the modem 9, the controller 10 and the interface 20. These wires are also connected to the slots of the disk 159, forming an electrical sleeve. The external surface of one end of the housing 157 has a recess and ends with an annular protrusion. In this recess is installed, freely rotating in the recess. The ring is provided with a shoulder resting on the annular protrusion. At its end there is an internal thread pitch. These elements make up the mechanical means by which it is possible to connect the telemetry sensor with the following depth device. The electrical connections of the plug connections at both ends of the instruments and the telemetry sensor are implemented in such a way that when the instruments are placed end-to-end, the first instrument is connected to the telemetry end 35108708236
    sensor, communication channels, various modular equipment, telemetry devices and telemetry, at which each representative module forms a single communication channel. It is the same device or telemetry. The same applies to the bus electrical sensor, and any type of device can be current, forming a single power supply s but connected to another device.
    line. So o6ji. By the way, you get glut in any order. one
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    Fig.P I: S IT
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    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    1. A DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR DRILLING WELLS, comprising a surface part with information receivers, a communication cable and a depth part with one or more depth devices, each of which is made in the form of an elongated body in which a power supply unit and a measuring element with a secondary transducer are installed, characterized in that, in order to increase reliability, the ground part is equipped with a modem, processor, buses, a specific address signal generator and a universal address signal generator, and the deep part is equipped with it is loaded with a modem, processor, buses, and interface circuits, with the modems of each part connected to the communication cable and the corresponding processor, and the depth device buses connected to the processor and to secondary converters through interface circuits with recognition schemes for a specific and universal address connected in parallel to the buses, and the ground buses are connected to the processor and connected in parallel with receivers and with signal generators of specific and universal addresses.
    [2]
    2. The system of pop. ^ distinguishing with the fact that the body of each deep device is made at the ends with electrical connectors with threaded connections for connection to a communication cable or to one of the deep devices.
    m SU 1087082
    1 1087082 2
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    US5363094A|1994-11-08|Stationary system for the active and/or passive monitoring of an underground deposit
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    US4136327A|1979-01-23|Well survey system modulation technique
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    SU1265672A1|1986-10-23|Telemetering system for logging wells |
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    OA05870A|1981-05-31|
    PT67604A|1978-03-01|
    AT379691B|1986-02-10|
    ES466101A1|1978-10-16|
    JPS6214880B2|1987-04-04|
    JPS5397346A|1978-08-25|
    DK49278A|1978-08-04|
    MX143915A|1981-07-31|
    US4355310A|1982-10-19|
    FR2379694A1|1978-09-01|
    NO780118L|1978-08-04|
    DK159742C|1991-04-29|
    FR2379694B1|1980-11-28|
    IE45960B1|1983-01-12|
    IT7819664D0|1978-01-26|
    ATA67778A|1985-06-15|
    BR7800625A|1978-12-05|
    AU511109B2|1980-07-31|
    EG13157A|1980-10-31|
    NL7801178A|1978-08-07|
    IT1092376B|1985-07-12|
    DK159742B|1990-11-26|
    GR64456B|1980-03-24|
    AU3247578A|1979-07-26|
    TR20094A|1980-07-08|
    NO157757B|1988-02-01|
    GB1597627A|1981-09-09|
    ZA78466B|1978-12-27|
    IN149902B|1982-05-29|
    DE2803059C2|1986-04-30|
    NZ186376A|1982-02-23|
    CA1106022A|1981-07-28|
    NO157757C|1988-05-11|
    PT67604B|1979-07-13|
    IE780073L|1978-08-03|
    DE2803059A1|1978-08-24|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR7702976A|FR2379694B1|1977-02-03|1977-02-03|
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